In addition, we have developed a toponymical landscape index to represent the degree of spatial integration between the BTT and ethnic minority toponyms in Yunnan and explore the spatial characteristics of the integration of Han immigrants and local ethnic minorities. The GIS analysis method of toponyms was used in this study to reproduce the settlement characteristics of BTT and the spatial development of the Biantun culture in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Biantun toponyms (BTT) record the integration process between the Central Plains and native Yunnan cultures. Computer Science, 2019, 46(9): 162–168 (in Chinese).The geographical environment of Yunnan Province in China and Han migration during the Ming Dynasty contributed to the development of the Biantun culture. Information sharing and secure multi-party computing model based on blockchain. Journal of Navigation and Positioning, 2020, 8(1): 1–8 (in Chinese). Development status and trend of global navigation satellite system. China Academy of Surveying and Mapping and NavInfo jointly developed an autonomous driving map. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2017 (in Chinese). Road vehicle - functional safety - Part 2: Management of functional safety: GB/T 34590.2-2017. General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine, National Standardization Administration Committee. Personal data protection in smart cars: Exploration and enlightenment from EU and Germany. Policies and regulations of high-precision maps applied to autonomous vehicles. Analysis of the applicability of China’s current laws and regulations to autonomous vehicles. China Journal of Highway and Transport, 2017, 30(6): 1–197 (in Chinese). Review on China’s Automotive engineering research progress: 2017. China Securities Journal, (in Chinese).Įditorial Department of China Journal of Highway and Transport. NavInfo newly released the 2010 annual map product. Strategic Study of Chinese Academy of Engineering, 2019, 21(03): 92–97 (in Chinese).ĬHEN G. Thoughts and suggestions on autonomous driving map policy. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2019, 48(8): 939–953 (in Chinese). Data logical structure and key technologies of intelligent high-definition map. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2006 (in Chinese). Navigable electronic map - Basic requirements of security processing technology: GB 20263-2006. It also proposes original measures to remove them, such as coordinating national security with the development of the AD industry, reshaping the boundary of national security and industrial interests, and giving priority to technical solutions for legal barriers that have strong technical plasticity. Compared with the previous research, this study reveals the current legal barriers in China that have different levels of relevance to national security and different technical plasticity. Regarding the legal obstacles with higher technical plasticity, priority should be given to technical solutions such as “available but invisible” technology. This study proposes that China should adhere to national security and AD industry development, pass new technical regulations that redefine the scope of national security regarding geographic information in the field of HPMs, and establish a national platform under the guidance and monitoring of the government to integrate scattered resources and promote the development of HPMs via crowdsourcing. Factors such as national security, AD industry needs, and personal data protection, as well as the flexibility of applying technology, are discussed and analyzed hierarchically for this purpose. It then analyzes whether new technology could be used as an alternative to resolve these concerns. Starting with a complete view of the current legal obstacles to HPMs in China, this study first explains why these legal obstacles exist and the types of legal interests they are trying to protect. Thus, proper measures should be taken to remove these barriers. However, the current laws and regulations on HPMs in China can lead to serious legal compliance problems. A high-precision map (HPM) is the key infrastructure to realizing the function of automated driving (AD) and ensuring its safety.
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